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Animals for Traction and Transport

Author

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  • Nicoletta Batini

    (International Monetary Fund, Independent Evaluation Office)

Abstract

Draft and pack animals have not only supported agriculture and livelihoods, facilitated human migration, and revolutionized warfare—they have profoundly shaped the course of history. Even with the advent of mechanized transport, animals remain indispensable in many parts of the world, especially in regions with limited infrastructure. Their economic value is estimated to surpass even that of the modern transportation industry. Despite their invaluable contributions, working animals often endure harsh conditions, physical strain, and inadequate care. When they become too weak to work, they are frequently killed, highlighting the aberration of a use-and-discard culture towards these precious working partners. Recognizing and enhancing the economic value of draft and pack animals is essential for sustainable development and ethical treatment. Structural and economic reforms are urgently needed to implement proper social protection measures for working animals, like retirement, universal care, and the right to proper food, water, rest, and shelter. Both public and private finance can support these efforts and provide the necessary incentives for alternative transportation methods.

Suggested Citation

  • Nicoletta Batini, 2026. "Animals for Traction and Transport," Natural Resource Management and Policy,, Springer.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nrmchp:978-3-032-17580-9_17
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-17580-9_17
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