The Possibilities and Perils of Research Engagement with Policymakers

If governmental policies are intended to remedy public problems, then it is critical that decision-makers understand the root cause(s) of a problem as well as the intended (and unintended) consequences of the interventions available to society. Scientists play a key role in this process through the research they undertake. This research may involve identifying a problem, isolating the root cause(s) of the problem, and/or exploring the feasibility of solutions by studying similar policy interventions carried out elsewhere. Understanding the scope and extent of a problem is critical for attracting the attention of both the general public as well as governmental actors. Kingdon conceptualizes experts as a source of information for bureaucrats, but use of expert information is contingent on the opening of a policy window. Elsewhere, Pielke has categorized the various roles scientists can play, noting that some scientists take on an advocacy role and try to pry open a policy window so that their preferred policy is implemented. Here, we consider challenges scientists face when preparing and presenting research for decision-makers. A case study is used to illustrate an instance of a scientist being able to successfully navigate a solution onto the agenda and before decision-makers for a vote.