The Development of Chinese Management Thoughts

1. The management thoughts of the Pre-Qin period mainly include Confucianism represented by Confucius, Legalism, Taoism represented by Lao Tzu, Mohism and military thought represented by Sun Tzu, which all have great influence on the formation and development of the management thoughts of the later generations. 2. The management thoughts from Qin Dynasty to Tang Dynasty cover administration, economy, military affairs, culture and so on, showing the characteristics of inheritance and development. 3. The basic characteristic of the management thought from the Song Dynasty to the Pre-Qing Dynasty is people-oriented and the Confucianism-oriented thought of governing the country. 4. In the late Qing Dynasty, different classes had their own opinions. The landlord class reformers were the pioneers in seeking the truth of saving the country from the West; the Westernizes put forward the idea of “strengthening oneself” and “seeking wealth”; the bourgeois reformers put forward the reform measures to establish a bourgeois constitutional monarchy state; and the bourgeois revolutionaries put forward the idea of “striving for prosperity”. The macro management thought characterized by “the Three People’s Principles”. 5. The most distinctive management thought in the period of the Republic of China was the enterprise management thought of the national bourgeoisie entrepreneurs, which fused the Western scientific management thought with the Chinese traditional management thought and created the modern national bourgeoisie enterprise management model with Chinese characteristics. 6. During the period from 1949 when New China was founded to 1978 before the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the study of enterprise management in China kicked start and was gradually established. In 1960, Mao Zedong instructed the Charter of the An Gang Company. 7. In 1961, the work of the state-owned industrial enterprises bill (namely industrial seventy) was promulgated. Before and after 1958 and in 1969, China has carried out two large-scale enterprise reform attempts and expanded the autonomy of enterprises to a certain extent. 8. During the period of enterprise transformation, the management model of the enterprise changed from production to production and operation. At the same time, it introduces and learns advanced management experience and methods from abroad. The content of management theory is gradually enriched and perfected. 9. Since 1992, under the new environment of building the socialist market economic system and the trend of global economic development, the focus of Chinese management has shifted to the reform of state-owned enterprises; the building of management talent teams; the strategy of “going out”; the strategy of overseas investment of Chinese enterprises; the encouragement of non-public ownership of businesses and the development of Chinese private enterprises; the strategy of independent innovation and the upgrading of strategic structure of Chinese enterprises.