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Gender Discrimination in Wages and Employment in India: The Care Penalty

In: Women and Work in India: Challenges, Opportunities and Perspectives for Policy

Author

Listed:
  • Anupama Uppal

    (Department of Economics, Punjabi University)

  • Amandeep Kaur

    (Jay Pee Institute of Information Technology)

Abstract

Globally, women with a child of pre-school age are less likely to be employed or they avail an employment opportunity that balances the work and family responsibility, even though it is not the best alternative available to them, mainly because the employers do not offer paid parental leave or flexible work schedules. Mothers or women with greater care burden tend to receive lower wages than those with lower care burden—a phenomenon popularly known as the ‘motherhood wage penalty’. In this Chapter using the PLFS data an attempt has been made to find out if women workers in India are discriminated against on the basis of their care burden. Further, by exploring the factors that mitigate or amplify this penalty, this Chapter tries to fill a critical gap in policy research on women’s employment and gender discrimination in labour market in India.

Suggested Citation

  • Anupama Uppal & Amandeep Kaur, 2026. "Gender Discrimination in Wages and Employment in India: The Care Penalty," India Studies in Business and Economics, in: Alakh N. Sharma & Aasha Kapur Mehta & Vandana Upadhyay (ed.), Women and Work in India: Challenges, Opportunities and Perspectives for Policy, chapter 14, pages 333-352, Springer.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:isbchp:978-981-95-6103-2_14
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-95-6103-2_14
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