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A High-Level Overview of Artificial Intelligence: Historical Overview and Emerging Developments

In: Artificial Intelligence and the Changing Nature of Corporations

Author

Listed:
  • Tankiso Moloi

    (University of Johannesburg, School of Accounting)

  • Tshilidzi Marwala

    (University of Johannesburg)

Abstract

Historically, AI came into the spotlight driven by allies on the two sides of the Atlantic Ocean, the United Kingdom and the United States. In 1950, Turing put together and published Computing Machinery and Intelligence, which became a seminal work. In the United States, the concept of AI was inspired by science fiction known as Runaround created by Isaac Asimov. The DSRPAI was an important convention which propelled AI a step forward. There were still challenges as early computers could not store commands. They only executed them. Another early challenge in the computing world was that computers were unaffordable. Since these early developments, AI has grown in leaps and bounds. Various technologies exist nowadays, including the natural language generation (NLG), the natural language understanding (NLU), speech recognition (SR), ML, virtual agents (VL), expert systems (ES), decision management (DM), deep learning (DL), robotic process automation (RPA), text analytics (TA), natural language processing (NLP), biometrics, cyber defence (CD), emotion recognition (ER) and image recognition (IR). AI can be classified into strong and weak AI. The concepts of weak and strong AI emanate from Searle’s (The mystery of consciousness. Granta Books, London, 1997) objection to the argument put forward by the proponents of the idea that the relation between the brain and the body of a human being is identical in many respects to the relation between the hardware and software of AI and machine consciousness (MC).

Suggested Citation

  • Tankiso Moloi & Tshilidzi Marwala, 2021. "A High-Level Overview of Artificial Intelligence: Historical Overview and Emerging Developments," Future of Business and Finance, in: Artificial Intelligence and the Changing Nature of Corporations, chapter 2, pages 11-21, Springer.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:fuobcp:978-3-030-76313-8_2
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76313-8_2
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