Conclusions

What factors influence child survival and death in TanzaniaTanzania ? This book answered this question through literature review, regional data analysis and case studies. Previous research on factors influencing child death in TanzaniaTanzania was organized to confirm the immediate and underlying causesUnderlying cause in the conceptual frameworkConceptual framework , but to a lesser extent the structuralStructural causes. Regional analysis identified some of the basic structuralStructural reasons, such as family structureFamily structure , rural agriculture, and foodFood intake, along with regional disparitiesDisparities . The case studies focused on rural villagesVillage in high U5MRUnder-Five Mortality Rate (U5MR) regionsRegions and identified their strengths and weaknesses regarding child survival. By focusing on deprived rural areas as of 2002 and reflecting on improvements in the 2012 Census data, this study also identified the possibilities in rural semi-subsistence economics, particularly to address the growing difficulty of child survival in urban areas. Furthermore, it identified to what extent mutual assistanceMutual assistance and careCare contributed to child survival and death. Indeed, direct causes such as access to healthHealth services, water and sanitation, foodFood intake, and educationEducation are important. In addition to these types of access, it is essential that inclusive communities and familyFamily support nourish children’s survival on various levels—familyFamily , community, villageVillage , national, and international levels.