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Evolution, Motor of the Changing Biosphere

In: Creative Complex Systems

Author

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  • Johann Hohenegger

    (University of Vienna)

Abstract

The biosphere, representing the entity of organisms, has changed since it started 3,490 million years before present. Biodiversity increased steadily in the Phanerozoic starting at 541 million years ago, and was interrupted by five mass extinctions. The motor of this increase is organismic evolution caused by changing environmental conditions. Microevolution explains changes in the species’ life span and diversification by speciation. Macroevolution is responsible for extreme changes during speciation leading to higher taxonomic units (genera and families). Macroevolution is the main motor for rapid recovering of environments after mass extinction.

Suggested Citation

  • Johann Hohenegger, 2021. "Evolution, Motor of the Changing Biosphere," Creative Economy, in: Kazuo Nishimura & Masatoshi Murase & Kazuyoshi Yoshimura (ed.), Creative Complex Systems, chapter 0, pages 275-290, Springer.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:crechp:978-981-16-4457-3_17
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-4457-3_17
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