Conclusions

In this last chapter the initial research puzzle and the resulting questions are recapitulated and ultimately answered. The mechanisms and reasons for the success of the Brazilian sugarcane complex are being illustrated. ‘Agricultural Processes’ followed by ‘Geopolitics of Energy’ and ‘Markets’ are identified as the areas that are considered most dynamic within the sector in order to answer the first research question. With respect to the second research question, the most important one regarding the depth of empirical analysis, it can be concluded that the sugarcane complex passes for an innovation system. The assessment of the physical technologies and innovations identified feedback loops between different technological stages and technologies and the resulting possibilities of cascade utilization as the most important arguments for an innovative and progress promoting industry. The varieties of products that are likely to be realized and a huge potential (inter)national market demand which can be expected also speak for the sugarcane complex. The strong support of governmental institutions in Brazil mirrored in the deployment of demand-pull and supply-push mechanisms additionally strengthens the innovation system. Answering the final research question: it can be stated that the sugarcane complex as an innovation system does not automatically promote a transition towards sustainability. The response towards expansion and increasing demand for sugarcane-based products is crucial. Unrestrained expansion would result in palpable negative effects. Nevertheless, the benefits of providing biofuels, electricity and other products and thereby reducing GHG emissions are significant.