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From Acts to Chances: Measuring Participation and Inequality of Opportunity

In: Cultural, Social, and Political Participation in the Internet Era

Author

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  • Giuseppe Pignataro

    (University of Bologna, Department of Economics)

Abstract

Participation is a form of social presence and a resource for democratic voice, but it is also a capability that is unequally distributed. This chapter develops an accessible measurement framework that makes participation gaps legible as inequality of opportunity. The first element is an Inclusive Participation Index (IPI)—a bounded composite coefficient that aggregates a small set of offline and digital participation acts through explicit normalization and weighting rules, so that normative choices are visible and contestable. The second element is an ex-ante opportunity lens: individuals are grouped into circumstance types, and opportunity inequality is read from the dispersion of type-specific participation chances. For continuous outcomes, we report a variance-based opportunity share; for binary participation, we use a dissimilarity index with a transparent minimal-reallocation interpretation and an opportunity-adjusted participation rate. Because circumstances are multidimensional, Shapley attribution allocates opportunity inequality across circumstance domains without privileging any particular ordering. A final numerical section illustrates, by simulation, how digital participation can either reinforce or partly compensate for offline opportunity gaps.

Suggested Citation

  • Giuseppe Pignataro, 2027. "From Acts to Chances: Measuring Participation and Inequality of Opportunity," Contributions to Economics, in: Roberto Cellini & Tiziana Cuccia & Francesco Drago & Marco Romano & Gianpiero Torrisi (ed.), Cultural, Social, and Political Participation in the Internet Era, pages 3-22, Springer.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:conchp:978-3-032-33072-7_1
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-33072-7_1
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