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PANIC Results

Author

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  • Diego Romero-Ávila

    (Universidad Pablo de Olavide)

Abstract

The analysis of stochastic convergence using PANIC provides strong evidence of convergence patterns in the series of per capita BC, CO, NH3, NMVOC, and NOx emissions, as given by the existence of pairwise cointegration among individual series, as well as weaker evidence of convergence in per capita CO2, N2O, and OC emissions (which exhibited two common stochastic trends) and yet weaker evidence of convergence in per capita CH4 emissions (which exhibited three common stochastic trends). As for the analysis of deterministic convergence, there is evidence of different degrees of convergence in the ten compounds under analysis. There is strong evidence of pairwise convergence in per capita BC, CO, NH3, NMVOC, NOx, and SO2 emissions, as well as weaker evidence of deterministic convergence in per capita CO2, N2O, and OC emissions as explained by the presence of two (rather than one) common stochastic trends, and even weaker for per capita CH4 emissions that exhibited three common stochastic trends.

Suggested Citation

  • Diego Romero-Ávila, 2025. "PANIC Results," Contributions to Economics,, Springer.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:conchp:978-3-031-81440-2_8
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-81440-2_8
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