A Business Ecosystem Model of Pesantren’s Economic Self-Reliance: A Lesson Learn of Sidogiri for Pesantren in Jember

This study to examine the business ecosystem model of Pesantren Sidogiri as a foundation for pesantren economic self-reliance and to identify lessons that can be adopted by pesantren in Jember to strengthen their role in local economic development. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and document analysis. Thematic analysis was employed to identify recurring patterns related to pesantren economic practices, stakeholder involvement, and institutional strategies for self-sufficiency. The results show that the economic self-reliance of Pesantren Sidogiri is supported by an integrated business ecosystem consisting of three clusters: production (e.g., Griya Farm, AMDK, Santri Food), services (e.g., IT, Percetakan, E-Maal), and retail (Basmalah and Hamdalah). These units are coordinated under the Kopontren as the institutional anchor, forming a value chain that fosters an internal circular economy. Alumni networks, social capital, and syariah-based cooperatives play a critical role in mobilizing resources, while collaboration with external stakeholders through a pentahelix model ensures long-term sustainability. For pesantren in Jember, the Sidogiri model provides valuable lessons in institutional governance, diversification of business units, and MSME empowerment. This study provides a replicable model for pesantren to strengthen financial independence, promote MSME empowerment, and contribute to inclusive regional economic development. This research provides a nuanced perspective on how pesantren economic ecosystems operate. The integration of internal circular economy mechanisms with multi-stakeholder collaboration highlights a relatively underexplored dimension in the study of pesantren-based economic development.