A Panoramic Image-Based Framework for Building Facility Management: An Experimental Case Study

To overcome the limitations of 2D drawings and heavy 3D models in facility management, this study proposes a lightweight, panoramic image-based information interaction system. By linking high-resolution panoramas according to their spatial positions within a 3D reference model, the framework reproduces the immersive navigation experience of conventional 3D environments without the computational overhead. The system embeds asset metadata directly into the panoramas, enabling rapid comprehension and on-demand retrieval of critical information. A prototype was implemented and deployed for an experimental data-center room to evaluate technical feasibility and managerial value. Test and assessments demonstrate that the approach reduces model payload while preserving spatial fidelity and user engagement. Results indicate substantial gains in deployment ease and hardware scalability. The proposed methodology thus offers a novel, practical pathway for the development of efficient, user-centric asset information systems in the Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Operations (AECO) domain.