AI Reshaping the Gig Economy: An Analysis of Technology Double-edged Effects, Governance Responses and Future Paradigms

Lately, with technology being advanced continuously and new economic forms emerging, the penetration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the gig economy has been deepening increasingly. Algorithmic decision-making is profoundly changing the operational logic of the gig economy. Existing research indicates that AI has a significant double-edged effect on the gig economy. On the one hand, it enhances efficiency through algorithm optimization. On the other hand, it exacerbates labor alienation and income instability. The current governance models include platform self-regulation and policy intervention, but both face the problem of implementation failure, and there is a shortage of talent in the field of technical ethics governance. This study, through systematic literature analysis, constructs the “Technology - Governance - Outlook” framework, focusing on three aspects. First of all, it is the double-edged effect of AI on the gig economy. Secondly, it is the limitations of different governance models and their causes. Finally, it explores the future collaborative governance path, emphasizing the necessity of technology ethics, laborer participation, and policy coordination. This research provides a new theoretical perspective for balancing AI technological innovation and the protection of workers’ rights and interests through the integration of multiple disciplines. It helps gig workers and gig platforms adapt to the labor market in the era of rapid AI development and can also guide the government in making relevant policies, thereby making the gig labor market more standardized and healthier.