Study of Changes in Beijing’s Urban Household Registration Policies from 1949 and Their Influence on City Impression and Belongingness of Non-native Populations

The paper discusses the evolution of Beijing’s urban household registration policies since 1949 and their impact on the city impression and belongingness of non-native populations. The hukou system, integral to China’s social management, significantly influences residents’ access to education, healthcare, and employment. Over the years, Beijing has implemented increasingly strict household registration policies to control population growth and maintain social stability. These policies have made it difficult for non-native populations to integrate fully into the city, despite their contributions to Beijing’s development. The study highlights the disparities in city impression and belongingness among different age groups and occupations. Younger, highly educated individuals are more likely to feel a stronger connection to Beijing, driven by career opportunities and the city’s rich educational resources. In contrast, older individuals and those engaged in low-skilled occupations often view their stay in Beijing as temporary, with less sense of belonging due to barriers in accessing social services and the high cost of living. The research also reveals the challenges non-native populations face in acquiring Beijing hukou, which limits their ability to settle in the city long-term. The point-based household registration system introduced in recent years aims to attract highly skilled individuals yet remains competitive and difficult to achieve. The paper concludes with recommendations to reform the hukou system, enhance community integration, and promote a more inclusive urban culture to improve the sense of belonging among non-native residents in Beijing.