Self-Assessment Instrument Online Opportunity Skills and Online Risk Survival Skills for e-Learning Students of Economics and Education Programs

This study aims to explore Online Opportunity Skills (OPS) and Online Risk Survival Skills (ORSS) in order to develop a self-assessment instrument and identify factors that reflect these skills. The main analytical technique used is exploratory factor analysis, with additional analysis techniques such as face validity and discriminant validity used as robustness checks. The sample used in this study consisted of active undergraduate students, with a total of 638 data collected. To clarify the research process, five phases were conducted: phase 1 involved drafting the self-assessment instrument for OPS and ORSS, phase 2 focused on face validity with expert validation, phase 3 involved data collection, phase 4 examined discriminant validity (using Pearson, Kendall's tau-b, Spearman, and Cronbach's alpha), and phase 5 encompassed exploratory factor analysis. The results of this study include the development of the online opportunity skills instrument (consisting of 9 statement items) and the online risk survival skills instrument (consisting of 8 statement items) through robustness checks and the elimination of statements that did not meet the requirements of the analysis techniques used in this study. The findings revealed four factors in the OPS variable (highest initial eigenvalue: 2.474 > 1.000) and three factors in the ORSS variable (highest initial eigenvalue: 2.320 > 1.000). The researcher hopes that this study will be beneficial for educators and future researchers as a reference and as a basis for further research, such as confirmatory factor analysis on the identified factors in this study.