Differences in Haemoglobin and Erythrocytes Levels in Smokers and Non-smokers

Smoking is the cause of various health problems. The prevalence of smokers continues to increase due to the content of addictive substances in cigarettes, such as tobacco, tar, and nicotine. This addictive substance in nicotine causes adverse effects on various organ systems. Several studies have stated a link between blood components and smokers, as evidenced by the relationship between nicotine levels and blood components. This study aims to determine the relationship between nicotine and its metabolite levels and smokers’ Haemoglobin and erythrocytes levels. The study used an analytic observational design, and the approach used was cross-sectional. Samples were taken using the total sampling technique and considering the research criteria. The research sample was 57 people, consisting of 34 smokers and 23 non-smokers in Malang City. The level of nicotine and its metabolites is a significant variable; the dependent variable is the level of Haemoglobin and erythrocytes. Demographic data collection using a google form questionnaire. Variable data on nicotine and its metabolites were measured using the Human Cotinine ELISA Kit instrument, and varying levels of Haemoglobin and erythrocytes using the Cobas Micros tool. Pearson Correlation test was used on the results of data analysis. The correlation between cotinine and Haemoglobin (p-value) is 0.981, and cotinine and erythrocytes (p-value) are 0.313. Each has a p-value > 0.05; therefore, it is concluded that smokers have no association between nicotine levels and its metabolites with Haemoglobin and erythrocytes levels. Based on the results of this study, people better understand the dangers of smoking and prevent smoking behaviour.