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A Preliminary Assessment of The B40 Economic Well-Being Measurement Instrument: Validity, Reliability, and Normality Tests

In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Cross- Disciplinary Academic Research 2025 - Track 2 Advances in Business & Economics, Social Science, Communications & Media (ICAR-T2 2025)

Author

Listed:
  • Zaleha Muda

    (Universiti Poly-Tech Malaysia)

  • Zuriani Ibhrim

    (Universiti Poly-Tech Malaysia)

  • Suhaila Abdul Aziz

    (Kolej Poly-Tech MARA)

  • Izzah Nur Aida Zur Raffar

    (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Alor Gajah Branch)

Abstract

This research introduces and tests a concise measurement tool designed to assess the economic well‑being of B40 households in the post‑COVID‑19 environment. The instrument encompasses three core constructs: Financial Well-Being (FWB), Daily Spending Pattern (DSP), and Basic Government Effectiveness (BGE). Expert evaluation confirmed content validity, while pilot data from 42 respondents demonstrated strong internal reliability. The Cronbach’s alpha values obtained were 0.94 (FWB), 0.78 (DSP), and 0.83 (BGE), indicating satisfactory to excellent consistency. Normality diagnostics using Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk tests produced p-values below 0.05, supported by non‑Gaussian trends observed in Q‑Q plots and boxplots. Consequently, subsequent analyses employed non-parametric techniques. Overall, the pilot results verify the tool’s suitability for broader empirical use and its potential contribution to evidence-based policies addressing the economic conditions of low-income households.

Suggested Citation

  • Zaleha Muda & Zuriani Ibhrim & Suhaila Abdul Aziz & Izzah Nur Aida Zur Raffar, 2026. "A Preliminary Assessment of The B40 Economic Well-Being Measurement Instrument: Validity, Reliability, and Normality Tests," Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, in: Nisrin Alyani Ishak & Azwanis Azemi & Siti Munirah Mohd Ali & Noorraha Abdul Razak (ed.), Proceedings of the International Conference on Cross- Disciplinary Academic Research 2025 - Track 2 Advances in Business & Economics, Social Science, , pages 29-40, Springer.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:advbcp:978-94-6239-715-6_4
    DOI: 10.2991/978-94-6239-715-6_4
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    JEL classification:

    • B40 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - Economic Methodology - - - General

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