The Effect of Job Rotation, Non-Physical Work Environment, and Office Layout on Work Spirit at PT. Kalimantan Sawit Kusuma

This study aims to determine the effect of job rotation, non-physical work environment, and office layout on work spirit at PT. Kalimantan Sawit Kusuma. The research employed a quantitative approach, using a structured questionnaire distributed to employees. Data analysis was carried out to examine both the partial and simultaneous effects of the three independent variables on work spirit. The findings reveal that job rotation has a positive but insignificant influence on work spirit, indicating that employee transfers or job rotation have not yet fully encouraged employees to increase their enthusiasm due to potential mismatches between the new position and individual competence. In contrast, both office layout and non-physical work environment have positive and significant effects, suggesting that a well-designed workspace and a supportive social environment can create a pleasant atmosphere that enhances work spirit. This study emphasizes that a combination of structural factors such as job rotation and office layout, together with psychological factors such as social interaction and communication, plays an essential role in improving work spirit within an organization. The contribution of this research is to strengthen the theoretical understanding of how structural and non-physical factors influence work spirit, and to provide practical insights for organizations to design human resource policies that balance organizational structure and psychological well-being to foster a motivated, high-spirited workforce.