Restructuring of Supply Chains Amid De-Globalization: A Case Study of the Semiconductor Industry

Against the backdrop of de-globalization, the global semiconductor supply chain is undergoing profound restructuring. This paper establishes a “geography-technology” dual-dimensional analytical framework, and systematically examines the driving mechanisms, practical dilemmas, and China’s breakthrough paths of this round of restructuring by integrating theoretical analysis with multi-case comparisons. The findings are as follows: First, trade protectionism, the excessive expansion of security concerns, and crisis shocks are driving the supply chain logic to shift from “efficiency first” to “security first.” The regionalized layout characterized by localization, nearshoring, and friendshoring has led to the “fragmentation” of the global market. Second, although the aggressive industrial policies of major economies such as the United States, the European Union, Japan, and South Korea aim to promote supply chain reshoring and alliance-building, they have intensified technological blockades and resource misallocation—while enhancing regional security, they have significantly increased costs across the industry. Finally, although China has established a policy framework for breakthroughs across the entire industrial chain, it still faces severe chokepoint constraints in advanced process equipment, core materials, and high-end talents, making the path to self-reliant and secure development extremely challenging. This study not only reveals the complex interaction between geopolitics and economic laws in this round of supply chain restructuring but also provides decision-making references for China to formulate precise industrial breakthrough strategies under the new global competitive pattern.