Research on the Spatiotemporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Coupling Coordination Degree between Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy Development: Based on Grey Relational Analysis

Using provincial panel data from China (2011–2023), this study integrates the Coupling Coordination Degree (CCD) model and Grey Relational Analysis to evaluate the synergistic development between Artificial Intelligence and the Digital Economy, analyzing its spatiotemporal evolution patterns and influencing factors. Results show that the CCD improved from “disorder” to “coordination,” though this progression was significantly disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, displaying non-linear dynamics. Spatially, the “high in the east, low in the west” gradient pattern has intensified, with the eastern region demonstrating greater resilience. In terms of influencing factors, urbanization serves as a common foundation, but core drivers vary regionally: the east relies on network infrastructure, the center requires enhanced human capital, and the west faces dual constraints in both human capital and infrastructure. These findings provide a basis for formulating differentiated regional coordination policies.