Factors Contributing to Recidivism among Prisoners: A Case Study of Hawassa Correctional Center, Southern Ethiopia

Nowadays, the problem of recidivism is highly intensified in most Ethiopian prisons. It disrupts the social order and creates fear and insecurity in society. However, factors of recidivism are not adequately understood in Ethiopia. Thus, this study examined the factors that revolve around the prison settings, with particular emphasis on prison inmates at the Hawassa correctional center. To conduct the study, a mixed research approach was employed. The quantitative data were collected from 80 recidivists selected through comprehensive sampling. Also, qualitative data were gathered from 15 purposely selected participants using key informant interviews and semi-structured interviews. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques while the qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The study results showed factors that contribute to recidivism encompass mistreatment by prison staff, ineffective services, overcrowding, lack of inmate classification system, inmates’ subculture, and lack of support upon release. Based on the findings, the researcher recommends the following issues. First, the government of Ethiopia should incorporate the issue of recidivism and social reintegration of offenders in its current criminal policy. Second, the prison management should introduce offender-oriented treatment programs and work with community groups, faith-based institutions, and individuals (volunteers) to assist released prisoners. Finally, non-governmental organizations should work on prison services and support upon release.