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The Nineteenth Century Arab World: An Overview

In: Economic Thinking of Arab Muslim Writers During the Nineteenth Century

Author

Listed:
  • Abdul Azim Islahi

    (King Abdulaziz University)

Abstract

The end of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth centuries CE commenced with Bonaparte’s occupation of Egypt in 1798. Although the French were later forced to withdraw as a result of British intervention in 1801, the occupation’s impact on Muslim society and culture was nonetheless far-reaching. It showed, for example, that the Ottomans alone were incapable of defending their Arab components. Naturally, this led, in turn, to a diminution of the Ottomans’ influence in the region. On two occasions, in 1832 and in 1839, Ottoman forces were even defeated in battle by the Egyptians, the latter even penetrating deeply into Anatolia. European powers, however, saved the sultan and forced an Egyptian retreat. However, from 1789 to 1909, the Ottoman throne saw six sultans,1 each of whom initiated various reforms to arrest the decaying power and prestige of their empire — once the world’s only superpower.

Suggested Citation

  • Abdul Azim Islahi, 2015. "The Nineteenth Century Arab World: An Overview," Palgrave Studies in the History of Economic Thought, in: Economic Thinking of Arab Muslim Writers During the Nineteenth Century, chapter 2, pages 6-25, Palgrave Macmillan.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:pshchp:978-1-137-55321-8_2
    DOI: 10.1057/9781137553218_2
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