Maritime Trade in the Eastern Mediterranean: A Quantitative Analysis of Shipwreck Data from the Hellenistic Period Through Late Antiquity (Fourth Century BCE–Seventh Century CE)

This study analyzes shipwreck data from the Eastern Mediterranean to investigate long-term trends in maritime trade from the Hellenistic period through Late Antiquity (fourth century BCE—seventh century CE). By aggregating information from existing datasets and applying quantitative methods, including Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), the research identifies patterns in cargo types, trade routes, and regional economic activity. The analysis reveals a pronounced upward trend in shipwrecks until the first century BCE, followed by a decline and a resurgence in the Late Roman period, particularly the sixth century CE. Regional variations and the influence of factors such as political events, the rise of Constantinople, and evolving trade networks are also explored. The study underscores the importance of shipwreck data for reconstructing ancient economies and highlights the potential for integrating archaeological and historical evidence to develop a more comprehensive understanding of maritime trade in the Eastern Mediterranean.