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Environmentally Sustainable Development in the Middle East and North Africa

In: Prospects for Middle Eastern and North African Economies

Author

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  • Hamid Mohtadi

Abstract

The extensive environmental degradation of the past forty years has heightened concern about the global environment. Problem areas include the rapidly depleting ozone layer, the greenhouse effect, acid rain, deforestation and desertification, the loss of vegetated land, municipal and hazardous waste, air and water pollution, a declining fish population, and the loss of animal species. During 1945— 90, a period in which the world’s population doubled, nearly 11 percent of the Earth’s vegetated soil (1.2 billion hectares) was degraded. Furthermore, deforestation increased by 50 percent during the 1980s, reaching an annual average of 17 million hectares (WRI, 1992). Among these lands, tropical rainforests–which are particularly crucial because they support a vast range of plants and animals and affect the Earth’s climate–are being lost at even faster rates. During the 1980s, for example, an estimated 9 percent of the world’s tropical

Suggested Citation

  • Hamid Mohtadi, 1998. "Environmentally Sustainable Development in the Middle East and North Africa," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Nemat Shafik (ed.), Prospects for Middle Eastern and North African Economies, chapter 10, pages 262-287, Palgrave Macmillan.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:palchp:978-1-349-26137-6_10
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-349-26137-6_10
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