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Liberty Reserve

In: A History of Digital Currency in the United States

Author

Listed:
  • P. Carl Mullan

    (Digital Currency Intelligence Authority Ltd.)

Abstract

Two long-term digital currency exchange agents created Liberty Reserve digital. Both men, Arthur Budovsky and Vladimir Kats, had worked in digital currency since the late 1990s. Liberty Reserve evolved alongside dozens of other digital currency companies the pair had acquired through the years. After being arrested in Brooklyn and charged by the State of New York for the unlicensed operation of a money transmitting business, Arthur Budovsky moved to Costa Rica and formed Liberty Reserve S.A. Continuing to offer unregulated and unsupervised financial services from Central America, the company became a substantial money-laundering criminal service. It was eventually closed and seized by US agents, under provisions created by the USA PATRIOT Act. Arthur Budovsky’s legal appeals from prison include claims that the business was not a money transmitter.

Suggested Citation

  • P. Carl Mullan, 2016. "Liberty Reserve," Palgrave Advances in Economics of Innovation and Technology, in: A History of Digital Currency in the United States, chapter 0, pages 171-196, Palgrave Macmillan.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:paiecp:978-1-137-56870-0_6
    DOI: 10.1057/978-1-137-56870-0_6
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