Integrated transport and land-use modeling

The aim of this chapter is to provide an introduction to the different paradigms that have been used historically to model transport, and how these have been related to land use (spatial form and structure). The first part addresses the relationship of land use with the classical four-step transport model along with the more recent activity-based models and, finally, their importance in analyzing and modeling active transport modes. The second part gives an overview of the models that explicitly consider the interaction between land use and transport, showing the different simulation techniques that have been used and the lines of research that are currently underway. It is concluded that traditional transport models have considered land use as an exogenous variable in order to be more manageable and operational. However, more detailed consideration of land use can provide important advantages for increasingly important specific problems such as the environmental impacts of urban and transport policies, the promotion of more sustainable transport modes, such as active modes, or its role in medium-term planning.