Exploring the advantages and drivers of sustainable agricultural practices in Central Asia

This dissertation explores the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices (SAPs) in Central Asia, where land degradation and productivity decline are major concerns due to Soviet-era monocultures and weak post-independence land management. Using farm-level data from Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and household level data from Kyrgyzstan, the study examines the adoption of crop rotation, zero tillage and their impact on crop yield, farms’ net returns and production costs. Furthermore, this dissertation investigates the impact of informal cooperation in water management on the intensity of SAPs. Findings reveal that adoption is shaped by institutional settings, land tenure security, farm characteristics and informal cooperation. While SAPs can improve yields and reduce costs, outcomes vary across contexts. The research highlights the need for targeted, context-specific policies to promote sustainable agriculture and long-term improvements in farming systems across the region.