Examining The Impact Of Diverse Biofertilizer Sources On Vegetative And Reproductive Traits In Maize

Nepal’s efforts to achieve sustainable food production and improve rural livelihoods are increasingly challenged by environmental pressures. Maize (Zea mays L.), essential to Nepalese agriculture, requires innovative strategies to enhance productivity while minimizing environmental impact. This study, conducted at the G.P. Koirala College of Agriculture and Research Centre in Sundarharaicha, Morang, Nepal, from February to May 2024, investigates the efficacy of various bio-fertilizers on maize growth and development to identify sustainable alternatives to chemical fertilizers. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with seven treatments replicated three times was used, including the recommended NPK dosage and various biofertilizer sources. Observations were made on plant height, leaf number, cob length, cob diameter, number of rows per cob, number of grains per cob, days to 50% tasselling, days to 50% silking, Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD), anthesis-silking interval, test weight, and yield. Statistical analysis revealed significant variations among treatments. NPK treatment significantly outperformed others, resulting in the tallest plants (238.13 cm at 90 DAS), the highest leaf number (18.16 leaves at 90 DAS), and superior reproductive traits, including cob length (21.35 cm), cob diameter (6.13 cm), and grain yield (7.99 t/ha). Organic fertilizers like poultry manure and mustard seed cake, although slower in initial impact due to gradual nutrient release, demonstrated competitive results in cob characteristics and yield. The study underscores the importance of balanced nutrient management in optimizing maize growth and productivity. Future research should explore integrating organic and chemical fertilizers to enhance soil health and sustainability while maintaining high crop yields.