Effect Of Temperature And Incorporation Of Cr On The Microstructure And Hardness Of Titanium Anodized With Hcl And Glycerol

Currently, electrochemical anodizing is one of the most common processes in materials science, since, under the right conditions, it allows to modify the material surface without damaging it by means of redox reactions, generating an oxide layer that protects the material and improves its properties. In this paper, grade 2 titanium was anodized using a solution of hydrochloric acid, glycerol, and deionized water as electrolyte, and 0.5 M K2CrO4 as doping agent, with a voltage of 30 V for 4.5 h. After anodizing with and without chromium, annealing was performed at different temperatures (500∘C, 600∘C and 700∘C) to promote structural and microhardness changes. The samples were analyzed by FE-SEM observing that the formation of nanostructures changes according to the heat treatment, where samples at 700∘C with chromium begin to form nanorods and, compared to those without chromium, the nanorods are longer. The presence of Cr in anodized TiO2 at different temperatures was confirmed by EDS technique. Using XRD, the microstructure of TiO2 anodized with and without Cr was analyzed and anatase and rutile phases were found, with greater presence of anatase for samples with Cr. Finally, a maximum hardness of up to 10.27 GPa was obtained from the sample at 700∘C without chromium, which is higher compared to the values of coatings with Cr. However, the anatase phase could be stabilized at higher temperatures making it suitable for medical applications since the anatase phase is the most biocompatible.