TiO2/GRAPHENE OXIDE HETEROSTRUCTURES FOR GAS-SENSING: INTERACTION OF NITROGEN DIOXIDE WITH THE PRISTINE AND NITROGEN MODIFIED NANOSTRUCTURES INVESTIGATED BY DFT

The gas response of metal oxide-based sensors depends strongly on its adsorption properties. To explore the potential sensing capability of pristine and nitrogen modified TiO2/graphene oxide (GO) heterostructures, the adsorption of NO2 molecule on the N-doped nanocomposites was investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Six possible configurations were simulated based on the estimated adsorption energies. The binding sites were located over the oxygen, doped nitrogen and five-fold coordinated titanium atoms of TiO2. The electronic properties including atomic Mulliken population, projected density of states and molecular orbitals were investigated in detail. The N–O bonds of the NO2 molecule were significantly increased after the adsorption process. The adsorption of NO2 molecule on the N-doped nanocomposite is more energetically favorable than the adsorption on the undoped one. The results suggest that NO2 chemisorbs on the considered nanocomposites. Mulliken population analysis reveals a noticeable charge transfer from the nanocomposite to the molecule, which indicate that NO2 acts as a charge acceptor. Molecular orbital calculations show that the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) of the studied systems were mainly localized on the adsorbed NO2 molecule. The significant overlaps in the projected density of states (PDOS) spectra of the interacting atoms confirm the formation of chemical bonds between them. There is a direct relationship between the results of charge transfer and sensing responses. N-doped nanocomposites have better sensing response than the undoped ones. The results highlight the possibility to develop innovative highly efficient NO2 sensors based on novel TiO2/GO nanocomposites.