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Semicentralised Water Supply And Treatment: Options For The Dynamic Urban Area Of Hanoi, Vietnam

Author

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  • SOPHIE SCHRAMM

    (Institute IWAR, Spatial and Infrastructure Planning, Petersenstr. 13, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany)

Abstract

Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, is experiencing rapid urbanisation coupled with high economic growth rates. This situation is both a challenge and an opportunity for the upgrading of existing technical infrastructures. Regarding wastewater treatment, the situation in Hanoi today is characterised by a lack of wastewater treatment plants, processing only a small fraction of the accumulating wastewater. Prevalent means of sanitation are septic tanks installed under buildings for the collection of domestic wastewaters, with overflowing liquids draining into the groundwater in an uncontrolled manner. This decentralised means of sanitation is therefore currently not able to clean domestic wastewaters in an effective way. This paper explores circumstances under which a semi-centralised approach can offer a sustainable solution to cope with these challenges in Hanoi. The approach has been designed to meet the challenges of fast growing urban areas around the world.

Suggested Citation

  • Sophie Schramm, 2011. "Semicentralised Water Supply And Treatment: Options For The Dynamic Urban Area Of Hanoi, Vietnam," Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management (JEAPM), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 13(02), pages 285-314.
    • Handle: RePEc:wsi:jeapmx:v:13:y:2011:i:02:n:s1464333211003882
    DOI: 10.1142/S1464333211003882
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