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Perspective: Determining Research And Development Expenditure Targets Based On An Affordability Index

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  • DAVID R. WALWYN

    (School of Engineering and Technology Management, University of Pretoria, South Africa)

Abstract

Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD), usually expressed as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP), is a widely used indicator to reflect the research intensity within a national economy, and hence its capacity to develop new and innovative products or services. It is also used as a key target in the management of national innovation systems. For instance, the South African National Research and Development Strategy set a target of raising GERD/GDP to 'somewhat over 1%', and in 2002 the Barcelona European Council set an EU target of 3%. Despite its widespread usage, there is little discussion or agreement on how this target should be derived within a broad range of economic contexts and levels of affordability. In this paper, a composite indicator based on GERD/GDP, normalised for GDP per capita, is developed and its use in a number of countries explored and explained. As a result, a set of GERD/GDP targets for various categories of developing countries is proposed.

Suggested Citation

  • David R. Walwyn, 2010. "Perspective: Determining Research And Development Expenditure Targets Based On An Affordability Index," International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management (IJITM), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 7(02), pages 183-191.
    • Handle: RePEc:wsi:ijitmx:v:07:y:2010:i:02:n:s0219877010001908
    DOI: 10.1142/S0219877010001908
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