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Health Is Wealth: Exploring Determinants of Health Expenditures in the Emerging Economies

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  • Zia Ur RAHMAN

    (Department of Economics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan2School of Economics and Management, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, P. R. China)

  • Wajid KHAN

    (Department of Business Management, University of Baltistan, Skardu 16100, Pakistan4Department of Media Management, University of Religions and Denominations, Qom Province, Qom 37491-13357, Iran)

  • Shahab Ud DIN

    (Department of Management Sciences, Karakoram International University-Ghizer Campus, Gilgit-Baltistan 15100, Pakistan)

Abstract

To enact sustainable health and development, both the developed and emerging economies are focusing on facilitating the health sector while increasing their economic well-being. To examine the health-related costs and economic growth, we used variables including public health expenditure, private health expenditure, environmental quality, environment index, foreign direct investment, age, education, and economic growth. A panel dataset of six developing countries for the 1994–2021 period was analyzed. By using the novel econometric techniques of continuously updated fully modified (CUP-FM) and continuously biased corrected approach (CUP-BC), the results reveal a uniform positive correlation between public–private health spending and economic growth. The long-run estimation of the first and second models showed that CO2 emissions and the environment index positively impacted the government’s healthcare spending. All four long-run models showed a uniformly positive correlation between public and private health spending and economic growth.

Suggested Citation

  • Zia Ur RAHMAN & Wajid KHAN & Shahab Ud DIN, 2025. "Health Is Wealth: Exploring Determinants of Health Expenditures in the Emerging Economies," Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies (CJUES), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 13(03), pages 1-19, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:wsi:cjuesx:v:13:y:2025:i:03:n:s2345748125500186
    DOI: 10.1142/S2345748125500186
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