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The Age of Cognitive Empires

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  • Ketan Patel

Abstract

Cognitive empires represent a new form of imperial power: influence exercised not through territory or coercion but through the structuring of cognition itself. AI‐enabled systems increasingly shape emotion and judgment from within, producing influence that scales rapidly, appears voluntary, and hardens into mass cognitive dependence. As the US–China rivalry extends to cognitive control, others are becoming dependent on systems they did not design or govern. Sovereignty is falling outside state control, and the window for securing agency is narrowing. The same architectures enabling capture could serve autonomy, but not under current market and geopolitical incentives. Cognitive empire is not merely an addition to existing frameworks of power, it is the terrain on which all of them will operate. Built on capture of minds at home, what makes it historically distinctive is its invisibility: it advances through mechanisms that feel like freedom and hardens into dependence before resistance can be formed. 认知帝国代表了一种新型的帝国权力:其影响力并非通过领土或胁迫来实现, 而是通过构建认知本身来实现。人工智能系统日益从内部塑造情感和判断, 产生迅速扩张、看似自愿并最终固化为大规模认知依赖的影响力。随着美中竞争延伸至认知控制领域, 其他国家也开始依赖于他们并未设计或管理的系统。主权正逐渐脱离国家控制, 而获得自主权的窗口期也日益缩小。同样的架构虽然能够实现控制, 但本可以服务于自主, 然而在当前的市场和地缘政治激励机制下, 这并非易事。认知帝国并非仅仅是对现有权力框架的补充, 而是所有权力运作的领域。它建立在对国内民众思想的控制之上, 其历史上的独特之处在于其隐蔽性:它通过看似自由的机制推进, 并在抵抗形成之前固化为依赖。 Los imperios cognitivos representan una nueva forma de poder imperial: influencia ejercida no a través del territorio ni la coerción, sino mediante la estructuración de la cognición misma. Los sistemas habilitados por IA moldean cada vez más las emociones y el juicio desde dentro, produciendo una influencia que se expande rápidamente, parece voluntaria y se consolida en una dependencia cognitiva masiva. A medida que la rivalidad entre Estados Unidos y China se extiende al control cognitivo, otros se vuelven dependientes de sistemas que no diseñaron ni gobernaron. La soberanía está cayendo fuera del control estatal y la ventana para asegurar la autonomía se está estrechando. Las mismas arquitecturas que permiten la captura podrían servir para la autonomía, pero no bajo los incentivos geopolíticos y de mercado actuales. El imperio cognitivo no es simplemente una adición a los marcos de poder existentes, es el terreno en el que todos ellos operarán. Construido sobre la captura de mentes en el ámbito nacional, lo que lo hace históricamente distintivo es su invisibilidad: avanza a través de mecanismos que se sienten como libertad y se consolida en dependencia antes de que se pueda formar resistencia.

Suggested Citation

  • Ketan Patel, 2026. "The Age of Cognitive Empires," World Affairs, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 189(2), March.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:woraff:v:189:y:2026:i:2:n:waf270070
    DOI: 10.1002/waf2.70070
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