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The Effects of Climate Change and Technological Advancement on Economic Recovery in Sub‐Saharan Africa

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  • Mwoya Byaro
  • Anicet Rwezaula

Abstract

Sub‐saharan Africa's (SSA) economy is slowly recovering from the COVID‐19 pandemic, which has led to a global economic slowdown. This study aims to investigate whether climate change factors, such as temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions along with technological innovation (measured by total patent applications) can predict the economic recovery of 19 selected SSA countries from 2000 to 2022. To address this study gap, we use the kernel‐based regularized least squares (KRLS) regression not previously applied in studies examining these relationships. We account for financial development, human capital, and inflation rates in the model to enhance the analysis. KRLS is well‐suited for this study as it can handle nonlinearity, cross‐sectional dependency, reduce misspecification bias, address model overfitting, and consider variable heterogeneity. Our results show that climate change has a negative and considerable effect on SSA's economic recovery. Specifically, a 1% rise on average annual surface temperature change and CO2 emissions corresponds to a 0.17% and 0.15% decrease in economic recovery, respectively, indicating that climate change is impeding recovery efforts. Conversely, a 1% rise on average technological innovation is linked with a 0.18% increase in economic recovery (GDP). Policy recommendations should focus on reinforcing technological innovation strategies in SSA to foster higher and more sustainable economic growth, while implementing measures to mitigate surface temperature changes and CO2 emissions to safeguard the economy from climate‐related harm. We delve into the mechanisms through which technological innovation and climate change affect the SSA economy, proposing actionable policy insights. 撒哈拉以南非洲的经济正从新冠疫情 (COVID‐19) 中缓慢复苏, 而新冠疫情导致全球经济放缓。本研究旨在探究气候变化因素 (例如气温和二氧化碳 (CO2) 排放) 以及技术创新 (以专利申请总量衡量) 是否能够预测2000年至2022年期间19个选定撒哈拉以南非洲国家的经济复苏。为了弥补这一研究空白, 我们使用了基于核的正则化最小二乘 (KRLS) 回归模型, 该模型此前在研究这些关系的研究中从未使用过。我们在模型中考虑了金融发展、人力资本和通货膨胀率, 以增强分析效果。KRLS 非常适合本研究, 因为它可以处理非线性、横截面相关性、减少错误设定偏差、解决模型过度拟合问题, 并考虑变量异质性。我们的结果表明, 气候变化对撒哈拉以南非洲的经济复苏产生了显著的负面影响。具体而言, 年平均地表温度变化和二氧化碳排放量每上升1%, 经济复苏将分别下降0.17%和0.15%, 这表明气候变化正在阻碍复苏努力。相反, 年平均技术创新每上升1%, 经济复苏 (GDP) 将增长0.18%。政策建议应侧重于加强撒哈拉以南非洲地区的技术创新战略, 以促进更高水平、更可持续的经济增长, 同时采取措施减缓地表温度变化和二氧化碳排放, 保护经济免受气候相关损害。我们深入探讨技术创新和气候变化影响撒哈拉以南非洲经济的机制, 并提出切实可行的政策建议。 La economía del África subsahariana se recupera lentamente de la pandemia de COVID‐19, que ha provocado una desaceleración económica mundial. Este estudio busca investigar si factores del cambio climático, como la temperatura y las emisiones de dióxido de carbono (CO₂), junto con la innovación tecnológica (medida por el total de solicitudes de patentes), pueden predecir la recuperación económica de 19 países seleccionados del África subsahariana entre 2000 y 2022. Para abordar esta brecha en la investigación, utilizamos la regresión de Mínimos Cuadrados Regularizados (KRLS) basada en kernel, no aplicada previamente en estudios que examinan esta relación. Consideramos el desarrollo financiero, el capital humano y las tasas de inflación en el modelo para enriquecer el análisis. KRLS es muy adecuado para este estudio, ya que puede gestionar la no linealidad, la dependencia transversal, reducir el sesgo por errores de especificación, abordar el sobreajuste del modelo y considerar la heterogeneidad de las variables. Nuestros resultados muestran que el cambio climático tiene un efecto negativo y considerable en la recuperación económica del África subsahariana. Específicamente, un aumento del 1% en el cambio promedio anual de la temperatura superficial y las emisiones de CO2 corresponde a una disminución del 0,17% y del 0,15% en la recuperación económica, respectivamente, lo que indica que el cambio climático está obstaculizando los esfuerzos de recuperación. Por el contrario, un aumento del 1% en la innovación tecnológica promedio se vincula con un aumento del 0,18% en la recuperación económica (PIB). Las recomendaciones políticas deben centrarse en reforzar las estrategias de innovación tecnológica en el África subsahariana para promover un crecimiento económico mayor y más sostenible, a la vez que se implementan medidas para mitigar los cambios en la temperatura superficial y las emisiones de CO2 y así proteger la economía de los daños relacionados con el clima. Profundizamos en los mecanismos a través de los cuales la innovación tecnológica y el cambio climático afectan la economía del África Subsahariana, proponiendo perspectivas políticas prácticas.

Suggested Citation

  • Mwoya Byaro & Anicet Rwezaula, 2025. "The Effects of Climate Change and Technological Advancement on Economic Recovery in Sub‐Saharan Africa," World Affairs, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 188(2), April.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:woraff:v:188:y:2025:i:2:n:e12075
    DOI: 10.1002/waf2.12075
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