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Inclusive Finance Trends in the Age of Digital Technologies and Innovations: An Empirical Study Based on Panel Data Analysis

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  • Inès Gharbi
  • Aïda Kammoun
  • Mohamed karim Kefi

Abstract

Financial inclusion has recently been identified as one of the key strategies for improving economic development (World Development Report, 2022). Governments around the world have continued to support the development of financial systems and payment facilities. Within this context, the objective of this article is to investigate the impact of digital technologies on financial inclusion using Gharbi and Kammoun's Financial Inclusion Index (2023). To do this, the authors applied linear regressions with panel data using a robust data set comprising World Development Indicators, and the Financial Access Survey from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) from a panel of 91 countries selected based on data availability over the period 2004–2020. The results show that digital assets and digital use positively affect financial inclusion within the context of this study. Digital technologies have the potential to overcome the barriers that prevent financially excluded adults from accessing financial services. Our results are robust, across different indicators and estimation methods. Our article adds to the existing literature by helping future researchers to better assess the possibilities for developing an inclusive financial system in a world where digital technologies play a dominant role. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is unique in that it uses two dimensions of digital technologies, that is, digital assets and digital use. Thus, the variables are unique and will add value to the literature. 金融包容性近年来被确定为促进经济发展的关键战略之一(World Development Report, 2022)。世界各国政府持续支持金融体系和支付设施的发展。在此背景下, 本文旨在利用Gharbi和Kammoun提出的金融包容性指数(2023)来研究数字技术对金融包容性的影响。为此, 作者运用面板数据进行线性回归分析, 该数据集包含世界发展指标和国际货币基金组织(IMF)的金融可及性调查, 该调查涵盖了2004年至2020年期间根据数据可用性选定的91个国家。结果表明, 在本研究的背景下, 数字资产和数字使用对金融包容性产生了积极影响。数字技术有可能克服一系列阻碍, 后者使得被金融排斥的成年人无法获得金融服务。我们的研究结果在不同的指标和估算方法上都表现出稳健性。本文为现有文献作贡献, 有助于未来的研究人员更好地评估在数字技术占据主导地位的世界中发展包容性金融体系一事的可能性。据作者所知, 本研究的独特之处在于它运用了数字技术的两个维度, 即数字资产和数字使用。因此, 这些变量独具特色, 将为文献增添价值。 Recientemente, la inclusión financiera se ha identificado como una de las estrategias clave para mejorar el desarrollo económico (Informe sobre el Desarrollo Mundial, 2022). Gobiernos de todo el mundo han seguido apoyando el desarrollo de sistemas financieros y facilidades de pago. En este contexto, el objetivo de este trabajo es investigar el impacto de las tecnologías digitales en la inclusión financiera utilizando el Índice de Inclusión Financiera de Gharbi y Kammoun (2023). Para ello, los autores aplicaron regresiones lineales con datos de panel utilizando un conjunto de datos robusto que comprende los Indicadores de Desarrollo Mundial y la Encuesta de Acceso Financiero del Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI) de un panel de 91 países seleccionados según la disponibilidad de datos durante el período 2004‐2020. Los resultados muestran que los activos digitales y su uso influyen positivamente en la inclusión financiera en el contexto de este estudio. Las tecnologías digitales tienen el potencial de superar las barreras que impiden a los adultos financieramente excluidos acceder a los servicios financieros. Nuestros resultados son robustos, considerando diferentes indicadores y métodos de estimación. Nuestro artículo enriquece la literatura existente al ayudar a futuros investigadores e evaluar mejor las posibilidades de desarrollar un sistema financiero inclusivo en un mundo donde las tecnologías digitales desempeñan un papel fundamental. Según el conocimiento de los autores, este estudio es único, ya que utiliza dos dimensiones de las tecnologías digitales: los activos digitales y el uso digital. Por lo tanto, las variables son únicas y aportarán valor a la literatura.

Suggested Citation

  • Inès Gharbi & Aïda Kammoun & Mohamed karim Kefi, 2025. "Inclusive Finance Trends in the Age of Digital Technologies and Innovations: An Empirical Study Based on Panel Data Analysis," World Affairs, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 188(2), April.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:woraff:v:188:y:2025:i:2:n:e12072
    DOI: 10.1002/waf2.12072
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