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South Korea As A Middle Power In East Asia?

Author

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  • Florencia Rubiolo
  • Franco L. Aguirre

Abstract

This article addresses South Korea's foreign policy toward ASEAN from a middle power approach. Using role theory, we argue that South Korea is developing a regional role to diversify its traditional ties, mitigate local constraints, and materialize its regional interests. We analyze the economic and political dimensions according to the share of trade and investment flows to the region and the development of cooperation initiatives and institutional ties. In the latter, we focus on Moon's presidency and the New Southern Policy, including a reference to the official development assistance. We also address its role in the South China Sea conflict to examine the strategic restrictions in this scenario. We state two main constraints: the need to keep the United States as a safety‐guarantee partner and the critical role of China as an economic partner. Finally, we explore the challenges that a power competition scenario poses for Seoul within Southeast Asia. Este artículo aborda la política exterior de Corea del Sur hacia la ASEAN desde un enfoque de potencia media. Usando la teoría del rol, argumentamos que Corea del Sur está desarrollando un rol regional para diversificar sus lazos tradicionales, mitigar las limitaciones locales y materializar sus intereses regionales. Analizamos las dimensiones económicas y políticas según la participación de los flujos comerciales y de inversión en la región y el desarrollo de iniciativas de cooperación y vínculos institucionales. En este último, nos centramos en la presidencia de Moon y la Nueva Política del Sur, incluyendo una referencia a la asistencia oficial para el desarrollo. También abordamos su papel en el conflicto del Mar Meridional de China para examinar las restricciones estratégicas en este escenario. Enunciamos dos limitaciones principales: la necesidad de mantener a Estados Unidos como socio de garantía de seguridad y el papel fundamental de China como socio económico. Finalmente, exploramos los desafíos que plantea un escenario de competencia de poder para Seúl dentro del sudeste asiático. 本文从中等强国的角度探讨韩国对东盟的外交政策。通过运用角色理论,我们认为,韩国正在发展区域角色,以使其传统关系多样化、减轻地方限制并实现其区域利益。我们根据流向该地区的贸易和投资流份额以及合作倡议和制度关系的发展来分析经济维度与政治维度。就发展合作倡议和制度关系而言,我们聚焦于文在寅政府和新南方政策,包括对官方发展援助的提及。我们还研究了其在南海冲突中的作用,以分析该情境下的战略限制。我们指出两个主要制约因素:“持续将美国作为安全保障伙伴”这一需求,和中国作为经济伙伴的关键作用。最后,我们探究了东南亚背景下的权力竞争情景给首尔方面带来的挑战。

Suggested Citation

  • Florencia Rubiolo & Franco L. Aguirre, 2023. "South Korea As A Middle Power In East Asia?," World Affairs, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 186(2), pages 442-468, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:woraff:v:186:y:2023:i:2:p:442-468
    DOI: 10.1177/00438200231159150
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