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The Adverse Effects of Economic Inequality on Educational Outcomes: An Examination of PISA Scores, 2000–2015

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  • Gregory R. Thorson
  • Sera M. Gearhart

Abstract

One of the most important economic trends of the past 30 years has been the escalating levels of within‐country income inequality. Much of the developed world is currently experiencing large increases in income inequality. Indeed, income inequality in the United States now exceeds the previous highs of the 1930s. Recent research has found that increases in income inequality can produce a wide variety of societal ills. This article examines the effects of economic inequality on educational outcomes. Drawing on data provided by the World Bank and the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) from 2000 through 2015, we find that a country's level of economic inequality has large, negative effects on its student academic achievement. The effect sizes are largest in math. We examine a variety of potential solutions to lessen within‐country economic inequality. Una de las tendencias económicas más importantes de los últimos 30 años ha sido la escalada de los niveles de desigualdad de ingresos dentro del país. Gran parte del mundo desarrollado está experimentando grandes aumentos en la desigualdad de ingresos. De hecho, la desigualdad de ingresos en los Estados Unidos ahora excede los máximos anteriores de la década de 1930. Investigaciones recientes han encontrado que los aumentos en la desigualdad de ingresos pueden producir una amplia variedad de males sociales. Este documento examina los efectos de la desigualdad económica en los resultados educativos. A partir de los datos proporcionados por el Banco Mundial y la OCDE de 2000 a 2015, encontramos que el nivel de desigualdad económica de un país tiene grandes efectos negativos en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes. Los tamaños del efecto son más grandes en matemáticas. Examinamos una variedad de posibles soluciones para disminuir la desigualdad económica dentro del país. 过去三十年间最重要的经济趋势之一则是国内收入不平等程度的不断攀升。发达国家中许多都正在经历收入不平等的大幅增加。确实,美国的收入不平等如今超过了20世纪30年代的最高值。近期研究发现,收入不平等的增加会催生一系列社会弊病。本文检验了经济不平等对教育结果产生的效果。通过使用由世界银行和经合组织提供的数据(从2000到2015年),笔者发现,一个国家的经济不平等程度对其学生学术成绩产生了严重的消极影响。学生数学成绩受到的影响最为严重。笔者检验了一系列潜在的解决措施,用于减少国内经济不平等。

Suggested Citation

  • Gregory R. Thorson & Sera M. Gearhart, 2018. "The Adverse Effects of Economic Inequality on Educational Outcomes: An Examination of PISA Scores, 2000–2015," World Affairs, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 181(3), pages 286-306, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:woraff:v:181:y:2018:i:3:p:286-306
    DOI: 10.1177/0043820018799425
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