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THE LAST GREAT DEBATE: Congressional Veterans and the First Persian Gulf War

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  • Danny Sjursen

Abstract

Most U.S. scholarship on the political history of the First Persian Gulf War covers the general debate between the branches of government or among the international community. Several works address the length and quality of the legislature's deliberation. The few studies examining veteran's demographics in Congress mostly do so from a macro perspective. None meaningfully scrutinize the personal military service of individual congressmen or how the sheer quantity of veterans in the 102nd Congress influenced the debate. Correcting this oversight, this article shows how politically influential the personal experiences of so many legislators actually were. I argue that the quantity of veterans in the 101st and 102nd U.S. Congresses demonstrably influenced the character and quality of the debate preceding the war in two ways. First, veterans rendered arguments in the context of military experiences and reached conclusions from a veteran's as much as a legislator's perspective. Second, their common wartime participation generated a collegial atmosphere of mutual respect and serious deliberation largely free from normal partisan pressure—which stands in stark contrast to contemporary congressional gridlock. In doing so, I show that permeating this discourse and the emotional, yet civil, debate was a powerful source of historical memory. La mayoría de la literatura estadounidense sobre la historia política de la primera guerra del golfo pérsico dan cobertura al debate general entre los poderes de gobierno o entre la comunidad internacional. Muchos estudios se dedican al análisis de la duración y calidad de las deliberaciones legislativas. Los pocos estudios que analizan la composición demográfica del congreso estadounidense lo hacen desde una perspectiva macro. Sin embargo, ninguno examina de manera significativa el servicio militar personal de los congresistas o cómo la cantidad de veteranos en el Congreso 102 influyó en el debate. Corrigiendo este descuido, este artículo muestra qué tan influyentes políticamente fueron en realidad las experiencias personales de tantos legisladores. Sostengo que la cantidad de veteranos en los 101ro y 102do Congresos de los Estados Unidos influyó de forma demostrable en el carácter y la calidad del debate que precedió a la guerra de dos formas. Primero, los veteranos presentaron argumentos en el contexto de experiencias militares y llegaron a conclusiones tanto desde el punto de vista del veterano como del legislador. En segundo lugar, su participación común en tiempos de guerra generó una atmósfera colegial de respeto mutuo y serias deliberaciones, en gran parte libres de la presión partidista normal, lo que contrasta con el estancamiento del Congreso contemporáneo. De esta forma se demuestra que la impregnación de este discurso y el debate emocional, aunque civil, fue una poderosa fuente de memoria histórica. 大多数关于第一次海湾战争政治历史的学术研究都涉及了政府各分支间或国际社会间产生的大辩论。好几篇研究仔细处理了立法机构商讨的深度和质量。极少数研究在宏观视角下检查了国会中退伍军人的人口统计数据。然而,还没有任何研究仔细检查国会议员的个人军事服务,得出有意义的发现,也没有检查第102届国会中退伍军人数量如何对辩论产生影响。为纠正这方面的疏忽,本文展示了众多立法者个人经历能产生怎样的政治影响。本文认为,第101和102届美国国会中退伍军人的数量从两方面明显影响了战前辩论的特征和质量。第一,退伍军人提供军事经历论点,从退伍军人的角度和相当的立法者角度得出结论。第二,他们共有的战时参与创造出一个相互尊重且严肃商讨的学院氛围,这在很大程度上不会面临一般党派压力,从而与当代国会僵局形成鲜明对比。在此过程中,本文展示:将该论述和“感性却又与国家相关的”辩论进行渗透,能强有力的唤起历史记忆。

Suggested Citation

  • Danny Sjursen, 2017. "THE LAST GREAT DEBATE: Congressional Veterans and the First Persian Gulf War," World Affairs, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 180(1), pages 8-41, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:woraff:v:180:y:2017:i:1:p:8-41
    DOI: 10.1177/0043820017715571
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gelpi, Christopher & Feaver, Peter D., 2002. "Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick? Veterans in the Political Elite and the American Use of Force," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 96(4), pages 779-793, December.
    2. Douglas Kriner & Francis Shen, 2014. "Responding to War on Capitol Hill: Battlefield Casualties, Congressional Response, and Public Support for the War in Iraq," American Journal of Political Science, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 58(1), pages 157-174, January.
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