Gender Equality as a Driver of Inclusive Green Transitions: Evidence From EU Panel

This study examines how gender equality contributes to inclusive and sustainable green transitions across the European Union (EU). Using macro‐panel data for 27 EU countries, it applies three econometric models to assess how changes in gender inequality, measured by the Gender Inequality Index (GII), influence female employment, women's tertiary education as well as the performance of the environmental goods and services sector. The analysis reveals that progress in gender equality has significant positive effects over time, including higher female employment and stronger growth in the green economy. However, these effects are often delayed, suggesting that institutional and structural factors moderate the pace of inclusion. Productivity gains associated with technological change can temporarily reduce women's employment, while higher educational attainment does not automatically translate into green job opportunities. Overall, the findings indicate that gender equality is not only a social imperative but also a structural driver of sustainable growth. Integrating gender‐sensitive policies in labor, education and environmental strategies enhances both the inclusiveness and the effectiveness of the EU's climate transition.