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Concussed: Unintended Consequences of the Guardian Cap Mandate in the NFL

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  • Kerianne Lawson Rubenstein
  • Todd Nesbit

Abstract

Guardian Caps are padded shells worn over American football helmets to cushion impacts and reduce concussion risks. In 2022, the NFL mandated their use for specific position groups during preseason practices, later expanding this requirement. While the league praised the Caps for enhancing player safety, skeptics argue they may promote riskier tackles and create a false sense of security. This article explores the unintended consequences of the NFL's Guardian Cap mandate, revealing that these Caps do not significantly lower concussion rates. In fact, concussions in the position groups using Guardian Caps increased after the mandate was implemented.

Suggested Citation

  • Kerianne Lawson Rubenstein & Todd Nesbit, 2026. "Concussed: Unintended Consequences of the Guardian Cap Mandate in the NFL," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 93(1), pages 326-342, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:soecon:v:93:y:2026:i:1:p:326-342
    DOI: 10.1002/soej.12799
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