Author
Listed:
- Abdirahman Omer Osman
- Nur Mohamud Ali
- Omar Muhumed Maidhane
- Shacban Abdilahi Elmi
- Muse Hussein Abd
- Mahdi Hashi Hassan
- Omran Salih
- Abdisalam Hassan Muse
- Abdirashid Mohamed Yousuf
Abstract
Poverty, a multifaceted challenge central to SDG 1, is particularly severe in Somalia, exacerbated by conflict, political instability, and climate shocks. This study investigates the spatial distribution and multilevel factors associated with poverty in Somalia. Using the 2022 Somali Integrated Household Budget Survey (SIHBS), a combined approach was employed: descriptive statistics for poverty prevalence; a two‐level mixed‐effects logistic regression to identify significant individual/household and community‐level factors; and spatial analysis (Global Moran's I, Getis‐Ord Gi*) to map clustering and identify hotspots. Results reveal profound associations at multiple levels. Household size was a powerful predictor; households of 6–10 members had over three times the odds of being in poverty (AOR = 3.43; 95% CI: 3.15–3.73). Internally Displaced Person (IDP) status was critical; non‐IDP households had 74% lower odds of poverty (AOR = 0.26; 95% CI: 0.22–0.29). Community‐level factors, particularly region, were dominant; households in Middle Shabelle faced nearly 25 times higher odds of poverty (AOR = 24.69; 95% CI: 13.61–44.79) than those in Awdal, highlighting extreme regional disparities. Significant positive spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I = 0.511, p = 0.003) confirmed that poverty is geographically clustered. Hotspot analysis identified a significant concentration of high poverty in the central regions of Middle Shabelle, Hiraan, and Bay, and a cold spot of lower poverty in the northern regions of Sanaag, Sool, and Togdheer. The findings suggest that individual/household and especially community‐level spatial factors are profoundly correlated with poverty in Somalia, revealing deep geographic and structural inequities. Targeted, context‐specific interventions focused on regional disparities and vulnerable groups are crucial for effective poverty reduction. 贫困是可持续发展目标1的核心挑战之一,也是索马里面临的严峻问题,冲突、政治动荡和气候冲击加剧了这一困境。本研究调查了索马里贫困的空间分布及其多层次影响因素。研究采用综合方法,利用2022年索马里综合家庭预算调查(SIHBS):首先运用描述性统计分析贫困发生率;其次,采用两级混合效应逻辑回归模型识别显著的个人/家庭和社区层面的影响因素;最后,运用空间分析(全局莫兰指数I、Getis‐Ord Gi*)绘制聚类图并识别贫困热点区域。结果显示,贫困与多个层面存在显著关联。家庭规模是一个强有力的预测因素;6‐10人家庭的贫困概率是其他家庭的三倍多(调整后比值比[AOR]=3.43;95%置信区间[CI]:3.15‐3.73)。境内流离失所者(IDP)身份至关重要;非境内流离失所者家庭的贫困概率降低了74%(调整后比值比[AOR]=0.26;95%置信区间[CI]:0.22–0.29)。社区层面的因素,尤其是地区因素,起主导作用;中谢贝利地区的家庭贫困概率几乎是奥达尔地区的25倍(AOR=24.69;95% CI:13.61–44.79),凸显了极端的地区差异。显著的正空间自相关性(莫兰指数[Moran's I]=0.511,p=0.003)证实了贫困具有地理聚集性。热点分析发现,中部地区存在显著的高贫困集中现象。 La pobreza, un desafío multifacético central para el ODS 1, es particularmente grave en Somalia, exacerbada por el conflicto, la inestabilidad política y los choques climáticos. Este estudio investiga la distribución espacial y los factores multinivel asociados con la pobreza en Somalia. Utilizando la Encuesta Integrada de Presupuestos de los Hogares Somalíes (SIHBS) de 2022, se empleó un enfoque combinado: estadísticas descriptivas para la prevalencia de la pobreza; una regresión logística de efectos mixtos de dos niveles para identificar factores significativos a nivel individual/de hogar y de comunidad; y análisis espacial (I de Moran global, Getis‐Ord Gi*) para mapear la agrupación e identificar puntos críticos. Los resultados revelan asociaciones profundas en múltiples niveles. El tamaño del hogar fue un predictor poderoso; los hogares de 6 a 10 miembros tenían más de tres veces las probabilidades de estar en la pobreza (AOR = 3,43; IC del 95%: 3,15–3,73). El estatus de persona desplazada internamente (PDI) fue crítico; Los hogares no desplazados internos tenían un 74 % menos de probabilidades de pobreza (OR ajustado = 0,26; IC del 95 %: 0,22–0,29). Los factores a nivel comunitario, en particular la región, fueron determinantes; los hogares en Shabelle Medio tenían casi 25 veces más probabilidades de pobreza (OR ajustado = 24,69; IC del 95 %: 13,61–44,79) que los de Awdal, lo que pone de manifiesto las extremas disparidades regionales. Una autocorrelación espacial positiva significativa (I de Moran = 0,511, p = 0,003) confirmó que la pobreza se concentra geográficamente. El análisis de puntos críticos identificó una concentración significativa de alta pobreza en las regiones centrales.
Suggested Citation
Abdirahman Omer Osman & Nur Mohamud Ali & Omar Muhumed Maidhane & Shacban Abdilahi Elmi & Muse Hussein Abd & Mahdi Hashi Hassan & Omran Salih & Abdisalam Hassan Muse & Abdirashid Mohamed Yousuf, 2026.
"Spatial Distribution and Determinants of Poverty in Somalia: A Multilevel and Spatial Analysis From 2022 Somali Integrated Household Budget Survey Data,"
Poverty & Public Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 18(2), June.
Handle:
RePEc:wly:povpop:v:18:y:2026:i:2:n:e70070
DOI: 10.1002/pop4.70070
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