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Cascading Exclusion and Fragile Success: Relational Mechanisms in Persistent Poverty Across Social Fields

Author

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  • Floris Noordhoff

Abstract

Persistent poverty is best understood not as a collection of separate disadvantages but as a relational process in which setbacks compound across social fields. This article develops the concept of cascading exclusion to capture how disadvantage in one field (e.g., employment, welfare, housing) triggers knock‐on losses in others, generating self‐reinforcing cycles of marginalization. Using qualitative interviews with 216 individuals in late‐1990s Dutch urban neighborhoods, we identify three mechanisms that sustain these cascades: blocked capital conversion, cross‐field chain effects, and symbolic misrecognition. We also examine rare cases of “fragile success,” where downward spirals were temporarily interrupted through the alignment of supportive ties, institutional flexibility, symbolic recognition, and temporal alignment. These findings advance relational poverty theory by showing how structural constraints, social relationships, and agency interact to reproduce or mitigate exclusion. 持续贫困的最佳理解方式并非将其视为一系列孤立的劣势, 而是一个关系过程, 其中各种不利因素在社会领域相互叠加。本文提出了级联排斥的概念, 以阐明某一领域 (例如就业、福利、住房) 的劣势如何引发其他领域的连锁损失, 从而形成自我强化的边缘化循环。我们通过对20世纪90年代末荷兰城市社区的216位居民进行定性访谈, 识别出维持这些级联的三种机制:资本转化受阻、跨领域连锁效应和象征性认知误认。我们还考察了罕见的“脆弱的成功”案例, 在这些案例中, 支持性关系的协调、制度的灵活性、象征性认知的获得以及时间上的契合暂时中断了恶性循环。这些发现通过揭示结构性限制、社会关系和能动性如何相互作用以再生产或缓解排斥, 推进了关系贫困理论的发展。 La pobreza persistente se entiende mejor no como un conjunto de desventajas aisladas, sino como un proceso relacional en el que los reveses se acumulan en distintos ámbitos sociales. Este artículo desarrolla el concepto de exclusión en cascada para captar cómo la desventaja en un ámbito (p. ej., empleo, bienestar social, vivienda) desencadena pérdidas en cadena en otros, generando ciclos de marginación que se retroalimentan. Mediante entrevistas cualitativas con 216 personas en barrios urbanos holandeses de finales de la década de 1990, identificamos tres mecanismos que sustentan estas cascadas: bloqueo de la conversión de capital, efectos en cadena entre ámbitos y desconocimiento simbólico. También examinamos casos excepcionales de “éxito frágil”, donde las espirales descendentes se interrumpieron temporalmente mediante la alineación de vínculos de apoyo, la flexibilidad institucional, el reconocimiento simbólico y la alineación temporal. Estos hallazgos impulsan la teoría de la pobreza relacional al mostrar cómo las restricciones estructurales, las relaciones sociales y la agencia interactúan para reproducir o mitigar la exclusión.

Suggested Citation

  • Floris Noordhoff, 2026. "Cascading Exclusion and Fragile Success: Relational Mechanisms in Persistent Poverty Across Social Fields," Poverty & Public Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 18(2), June.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:povpop:v:18:y:2026:i:2:n:e70055
    DOI: 10.1002/pop4.70055
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