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Protalus ramparts and related features along the niagara escarpment, niagara peninsula, ontario

Author

Listed:
  • K. J. Tinkler
  • J. W. Pengelly

Abstract

Talus foot ridges interpreted as protalus ramparts have been identified along 17 out of 42 km of the Niagara Escarpment within the Niagara Peninsula. They are distinguished from various types of slope form (rotational slumps, debris slides, quarries, dumps, moraines, raised shorelines and bedrock ledges) by their regular linear nature and their restriction to slopes facing between north‐east and north‐west. Morphologies range from a simple terrace with a flat top and a steep rocky outer slope, to compound ridges with closed depressions between. Maximum widths from rampart crest to main talus foot average 25 metres. Ramparts are characteristically extremely bouldery and include angular blocks of Thorold and Grimsby Sandstones weathered from the Escarpment slope, Ironde‐quoit Limestone and Lockport Dolomite blocks with metre dimensions transported to the outer slopes of the ramparts from the upper edge of the Escarpment, and clay from the weathering of Escarpment shales and from Wisconsinan diamictons. Associated firn field dimensions probably fluctuated dramatically in size during the year, and the palaeoclimatic implication is that there existed substantial late‐lying to perennial firn fields following local deglaciation at 12.5 ka BP. Independent confirmation of an early postglacial tundra climate is provided by the basal portions of pollen stratigraphies obtained nearby. The latest period when the firn fields might have existed is during the Younger Dryas chronozone (11 ka to 10.0 ka BP) when regional climatic cooling may have allowed the re‐establishment of a tundra‐like climate, especially in areas with severe microclimates. Des rides localisées au pied d'abrupts et interprétées comme des moraines de névé ont été reconnues le long de 17 km (sur un total de 42) de l'escarpement du Niagara dans la Péninsule du Niagara. Ils sont différents de formes connues (comme des glissements de terrain, des carrières, des décharges, des moraines, des lignes de plage soulevées et des saillies de roches en place) par leur tracé linéaire régulier et leur localisation sur des pentes exposées entre le nord‐est et le nord‐ouest. Les morphologies vont d'une simple terrasse avec un sommet aplani et une pente rocheuse extérieure, jusquà des rides complexes au sein desquelles existent des dépressions fermées. Les distances maximales qui séparent la crète du rempart du pied du talus principal, sont en moyenne de 25 m. Les remparts sont d'une manière caractéristique recouverts de gros blocs et comprennent des blocs anguleux de grès Thorold et Grimsby, des calcaires Irondequoit et des dolomies Lockport de taille métrique transportés jusqu'aux pentes extérieures des remparts depuis l'escarpement, de l'argile résultant de l'altération des schistes de l'escarpement et des dépǒts morainiques de la dernière glaciation. Les dimensions des plaques de neige qui ont donné ces formes ont probablement varié d'une manière pendant l'année. Ces formes attestent qu'il a existé là‐bas des champs de neige permanents ou qui persistaient longtemps l'été, après la déglaciation qui s'est produite ici, il y a 12,500 années BP. Une confirmation indépendate de l'éexistence d'un climat de toundra dans le postglaciire est fournie par les analyses polliniques obtenues à proximité. la dernière période pendant laquelle le champ de neige a existé, est le Dryas récent (11,000 à 10,000 ans BP) quand un refroidissement a permis le rétablissement d'un climat de toundra, spécialement dans des endroits oú les microclimats sont sévères.

Suggested Citation

  • K. J. Tinkler & J. W. Pengelly, 1994. "Protalus ramparts and related features along the niagara escarpment, niagara peninsula, ontario," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 5(3), pages 171-184, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:5:y:1994:i:3:p:171-184
    DOI: 10.1002/ppp.3430050306
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