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Thermokarst involutions, summer island, pleistocene mackenzie delta, Western Canadian arctic

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  • Julian B. Murton
  • Hugh M. French

Abstract

Thermokarst involutions form primarily by loading, buoyancy and water‐escape during the degradation of ice‐rich permafrost. In the Summer Island area of the Pleistocene Mackenzie Delta, they are formed mainly by loading and buoyancy, and occur within a Late Wisconsinan‐Early Holocene thaw layer. Involutions formed by water‐escape (fluidization) occur within slump‐floor deposits. To form thermokarst involutions, ice‐rich permafrost must thaw, drainage conditions must be poor and sediments must vary in texture or composition. In addition, the sediments should be susceptible to fluidization, liquefaction or hydroplastic deformation. Thermokarst involutions formed by loading and buoyancy require a reverse density gradient; those formed by fluidization require open‐system groundwater conditions or associated water‐saturated sediments susceptible to liquefaction. Des involutions d'origine thermokarstique se forment principalement par “loading” (densité plus élevée des couches surpérieures) surpression, flottabilité et fluidification lors de la dégradation d'un pergélisol à haute teneur en glace. Dans la région de l'ile de Summer dans le delta pléistocene du Mackenzie, où elles occupent une couche de dégel tardi‐wisconsinienne à début holocène, elles se sont formées surtout par “loading” et flottabilité. Les involutions causées par fluidification occupent les dépǒts de bas de glissement de terrain. Pour que des involutions thermokarstiques apparaissent, un pergélisol à haute teneur en glace doit se dégrader, les conditions de drainage doivent ětre mauvaises et la texture ou la composition des sédiments doit varier. De plus, les sédiments devraient ětre susceptibles de fluidification, de liquéfaction ou de déformation hydroplastique. Les involutions d'origine thermokarstiques formées par “loading” et flottabilité exigent un gradient de densité inverse; celles formées par fluidification requièrent des conditions hydrologiques en systéme ouvert ou des sédiments saturés en eau susceptibles de liquéfaction.

Suggested Citation

  • Julian B. Murton & Hugh M. French, 1993. "Thermokarst involutions, summer island, pleistocene mackenzie delta, Western Canadian arctic," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 4(3), pages 217-229, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:4:y:1993:i:3:p:217-229
    DOI: 10.1002/ppp.3430040304
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