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Weichselian upper pleniglacial aeolian and ice‐cored morphology in the southern Netherlands (Noord‐Brabant, groote peel)

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  • K. Kasse
  • S. Bohncke

Abstract

The morphology of the Weichselian Late Pleniglacial land surface in the Groote Peel nature reserve (southern Netherlands) is characterized by numerous circular to oval depressions. The depressions are up to 90 m wide and 3 m deep. Some are surrounded by low (50–100 cm) ridges. Two depressions were selected for detailed study. One, of aeolian origin, is shallow (less than 1 m), the underlying sedimentary units are undisturbed and the ridge surrounding it consists of horizontally bedded aeolian sand. The second, formed by the melting of an ice core, is deeper (3 m) and dissects older units. The ice lens probably formed during the Weichselian Late Pleniglacial. Ice segregation was favoured by a low topographic gradient, impermeable beds in the subsoil and poor drainage. After partial decay of the ice core, a remnant survived during the cold, arid conditions of the Beuningen deflation phase. Final melting of the ice core occurred after deposition of Late Pleniglacial aeolian coversand, at the onset of the Late Glacial climatic amelioration. Palynological analysis indicates that infilling of the ice‐core depression started in the Late Glacial Older Dryas and possibly even during Oldest Dryas. Dans la réserve naturelle ‘Groote Peel’ dans le sud des Pays‐Bas, la surface pléniglaciaire de la dernière glaciation est caractérisée par de nombreuses depressions circulaires ou ovales. Les dépressions ont le plus souvent une longueur de 90 m et une profondeur de 3 m au maximum. Quelques‐unes sont entourées par un rampart peu élevé atteignant 50 cm à 100 cm d'élévation. Deux de ces dépressions soigneusement choisies ont été étudiées. La première, due à la déflation éolienne est peu profonde (moins de 1 m) et les unités sédimentaires sous‐jacentes à la cuvette n'ont pas été déformées; la ride qui l'entoure consiste de sables éoliens horizontalement stratifiés. La seconde, formée à la suite de la fusion d'une masse de glace dans le sol, est plus profonde (3 m) et affecte des unités plus anciennes. La lentille de glace a probablement été formée pendant le pléniglaciaire de la fin du Weichselien. La ségrégation de glace a été favorisée par une faible pente, des lits imperméables dans le sous‐sol et un mauvais drainage. Après la fusion partielle du noyau de glace, un reste a persisté pendant les périodes froides et arides de la phase de déflation de Beuningen. La fonte totale du noyau de glace s'est produite après le dépǒt des sables de couverture de la fin du pléniglaciaire soit au début de l'amélioration climatique tardiglaciaire. Les analyses palynologiques indiquent que le colmatage de la dépression a commencé lors du Dryas ancien et peut‐ětre měme pendant le Dryas le plus ancien.

Suggested Citation

  • K. Kasse & S. Bohncke, 1992. "Weichselian upper pleniglacial aeolian and ice‐cored morphology in the southern Netherlands (Noord‐Brabant, groote peel)," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 3(4), pages 327-342, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:3:y:1992:i:4:p:327-342
    DOI: 10.1002/ppp.3430030407
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