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Recent microweathering phenomena in southern and central Sweden

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  • Jan O. H. Swantesson

Abstract

More than 200 weathering sites, in southern and central Sweden, representing different rock types and environments have been investigated. Field studies were complemented by thin‐section examination and laboratory simulation experiments. Research results in a classification of weathering forms in crystalline rocks in cool temperate climates. Special attention is paid to Holocene microweathering, facilitated because glaciation removed most old weathered material. Only minor forms, including surface colorations, mineral weathering, pitting and flaking, have been produced entirely during the Holocene. Where recent breakdown is observed, the primary reason must be sought in the geological history of rock. Holocene microweathering a few cm in depth is caused by a complex interaction between different weathering processes. Salt crystallization, however, seems important in areas that have experienced seashore conditions. Often the forms produced are as much the result of rock properties as of actual weathering processes. L'altération a été étudiée en Suède centrale et méridionale en plus de 200 sites représentant différents types de roches et d'environnements. Les études de terrain ont été complétées par l'examen de sections fines et par des expériences de simulation en laboratoire. Cette recherche conduit à proposer une classification des formes d'altération dans les roches cristallines sous des climats tempérés froids. Une attention spéciale est accordée à la micro‐altération dont l'étude des actions holocènes a été facilitée par le fait que la glaciation a emporté la majorité du vieux matériel altéré. Seules, des formes mineures comprenant des colorations de surface, l'apparition de petites cavités et l'écaillage dans des minéraux paraissent devoir ětre entièrement formées pendant l'Holocène. Quand une rupture récente de la roche est observée, la raison première doit ětre cherchée dans l'histoire géologique de la roche. Une micro‐altération holocène de quelques mm de profondeur est due à une interaction complexe entre différents processus d'altération. L'action de cristallisation des sels semble toutefois importante dans les sites qui ont été exposés à des conditions littorales. Souvent les formes produites résultent à la fois des propriétés de la roche et des processus d'altération actuels.

Suggested Citation

  • Jan O. H. Swantesson, 1992. "Recent microweathering phenomena in southern and central Sweden," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 3(4), pages 275-292, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:3:y:1992:i:4:p:275-292
    DOI: 10.1002/ppp.3430030403
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