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Rock glaciers in Svalbard and Norway

Author

Listed:
  • Johan Ludvig Sollid
  • Leif Sørbel

Abstract

Rock glaciers made by talus creep are common landforms in Svalbard. This area has continuous permafrost with thicknesses varying from about 150 m to 500 m. Most rock glaciers are located in coastal areas at altitudes just above sea level, often situated below the escarpment which delimits the inner part of the strandflat. Most rock glaciers are active (at one rock glacier, annual movement rates of 3–10 cm were measured), but inactive rock glaciers with no movement in their frontal parts also exist in many areas. Their stagnation is due to topography and not to climate. In Norway relic rock glaciers are found in coastal areas in the northern part of the country. Together with other relic permafrost features such as tundra polygons and ice‐cored moraines, the distribution of relic rock glaciers indicates that coastal areas in northern Norway had continuous permafrost during the Younger Dryas and earlier phases of the deglaciation. Des glaciers rocheux apparus à la suite de la mise en mouvement lent de talus d'éboulis sont des formes de terrain communes au Spitzberg. Cette région a un pergélisol continu dont l'épaisseur varie entre 150 et 500 m. La majoriteé de ces glaciers rocheux sont localisés dans des régions cǒtiéres, à des altitudes à peine supérieures au niveau de la mer et sont souvent situées sous l'escarpement qui délimite la partie interne de la plate‐forme d'abrasion marine. La majorité des glaciers rocheux sont actifs (pour un glacier rocheux où des mesures ont été réalisées les vitesses de mouvement varient de 3 à 10 cm par an), mais des glaciers rocheux inactifs, ne montrant aucun déplacement dans leur partie frontale existent aussi dans de nombreux endroits. Leur stagnation est due à la topographie et pas au climat. En Norvège, des traces de glaciers rocheux ont été trouvées dans les régions cǒtières les plus septentrionales. Avec d'autres traces de pergélisol, comme des polygones de fentes de gel et des moraines à noyau de glace, la distribution de ces glaciers rocheux indiquent que les régions cǒtières de la Norvège septentrionale ont eu un pergélisol continu pendant le Dryas le plus récent et pendant les premiéres phase de la déglaciation.

Suggested Citation

  • Johan Ludvig Sollid & Leif Sørbel, 1992. "Rock glaciers in Svalbard and Norway," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 3(3), pages 215-220, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:3:y:1992:i:3:p:215-220
    DOI: 10.1002/ppp.3430030307
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