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Observations of aeolian transport and niveo‐aeolian deposition at three lowland sites, Canadian arctic archipelago

Author

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  • Antoni G. Lewkowicz
  • Kathy L. Young

Abstract

Observations of wind action were made in the late winter, spring and summer at three lowland sites located on Banks Island (1977‐79), Melville Island (1986‐87) and Ellesmere Island (1989‐90). Erosion pin measurements in north‐central Banks Island showed minimal activity on interfluves and the highest rates at a blowout site in an unvegetated sand plain. The timing of aeolian activity during the year depended on the site characteristics. Where the snow cover was incomplete in winter, either because a rugged microtopography resulted in terrain elements protruding above the surface of the snow or because sublimation of snow exposed the ground surface, aeolian transport could occur year‐round. In areas with a flatter microtopography, summer transport took place but deflation was negligible over the winter and niveo‐aeolian deposition was confined to the autumn and spring when the snow cover was patchy. Windblown sediment became spatially concentrated by denivation at some sites and was deposited on slopes as fans or layers up to 8 cm thick. In the years this occurred, the rate of deposition was greater than sediment removal by wash or other processes and, at least in the short term, the form of the slope was changed. Des observations de l'action éolienne ont été faites à la fin de l'hiver, au printemps et en été, en trois endroits de faible relief localisés sur l'ǐle de Banks (1977‐79), sur l'ǐle Melville (1986‐87) et sur l'iée Ellesmere (1989‐90). Des mesures de l'érosion dans le centre septentrional de l'ǐle de Banks ont montré une activité minime sur les interfluves et la plus grande deflation dans une plaine sableuse sans végétation. Le moment de l'année pendant laquelle léactivité éolienne se produit, est contrélée par les caractéristiques du site. Là où, en hìver, la couverture de neige est incomplete, soit à cause d'une microtopographie irrégulière déterminant l'apparition au dessus de la surface de la neige, de parties du terrain, ou parce que la sublimation de la neige découvre la surface du sol, le transport éolien se produit pendant toute l'année. Dans les régions où la microtopographie est moins marquée, le transport éolien s'exerce pendant l'été, mais la déflation est négligeable pendant l'hiver; les dépéts éoliens se forment alors à l'automne et au printemps quand la couverture neigeuse est discontinue. Les sédiments éoliens sont concentrés au moment de la fonte de la neige en quelques sites; sur des pentes, ils forment des cônes ou des couches qui atteignent 8 cm d'epaisseur. Pendant les années d'observation, la vitesse de dépôt a été plus grande que l'enlévement des sédiments par le ruissellement ou par d'autres processus, et au moins à court terme, la forme des pentes a été modifiée.

Suggested Citation

  • Antoni G. Lewkowicz & Kathy L. Young, 1991. "Observations of aeolian transport and niveo‐aeolian deposition at three lowland sites, Canadian arctic archipelago," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 2(3), pages 197-210, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:2:y:1991:i:3:p:197-210
    DOI: 10.1002/ppp.3430020304
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