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Sedimentology and genesis of slope deposits at sonskyn, Eastern Cape Drakensberg, South Africa

Author

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  • Patricia M. Hanvey
  • Colin A. Lewis

Abstract

The morphology and sedimentology of slope deposits exposed in a road cutting at Sonskyn are examined. The deposits have a lobate morphology and extend outwards from the lower reaches of a basin hollow at an altitude of approximately 2000 m a.s.l. The general stratigraphy shows an upward sequence from shattered bedrock and isolated pockets of colluvium, through stratified angular sediments which in turn are truncated by a series of channelized bouldery deposits. The concentration of colluvium towards the base of the sequence, together with the subjacent shattered bedrock, suggest cold‐climatic conditions, a scarcity of vegetation cover and slopewash processes. The transition up‐sequence to more clastic stratified sediments is indicative of freeze‐thaw cycles accompanied by slopewash during the melting phases. This has been attributed to the seasonal ablation of a snow patch. The overlying channelized bouldery deposits are attributed to solifluction processes related to the final dissolution of the snow patch. Palaeolithic artefacts found within the stratified sediments were used in southern Africa between 140000 and 40000 years BP. This indicates that the slope deposits at Sonskyn were laid down within the last 140000 years. La morphologie et la sédimentologie des dépôts de pente mis à jour dans une tranchée de route à Sonskyn ont été examinés. Les dépôts ont une morphologie lobée et s'étendent dans les parties les plus basses d'une dépression en bassin située à une altitude d'environ 2000 m. La stratigraphie générale montre une séquence indiquant de bas en haut le bedrock fragmenté et des poches isolées de colluvions, puis des sédiments anguleux stratifiés, et enfin une série de dépôts à gros blocs disposés dans des chenaux. La concentration des colluvions à la base de la séquence en méme temps que l'existence du bedrock sous‐jacent fragmenté suggèrent des conditions climatiques froides, une couverture végétale peu abondante et des processus de ruissellement. La transition vers des sédiments supérieurs plus grossiers et stratifiés indique des cycles gel dégel accompagnés de ruissellement pendant les phases de fonte. Ceci a été attribué à la fusion saisonnière d'une plaque de neige. Les dépôts supérieurs contenant des gros blocs et disposés en chenaux auraient été mis en place par des processus de solifluxion qui auraient été liés à la disparition finale de la plaque de neige. Des pièces paléolithiques trouvées dans les sédiments stratifies ont été utilisées en Afrique du Sud entre 140.000 et 40.000 ans B.P. Ceci indique que les dépôts de pente de Sonskyn ont etk mis en place au cours des derniers 140.000 ans.

Suggested Citation

  • Patricia M. Hanvey & Colin A. Lewis, 1991. "Sedimentology and genesis of slope deposits at sonskyn, Eastern Cape Drakensberg, South Africa," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 2(1), pages 31-38, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:2:y:1991:i:1:p:31-38
    DOI: 10.1002/ppp.3430020107
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